The Uniqueness of Canarian Historiography: From Chronicles to Microhistory
The history of the Canary Islands, like that of other Atlantic archipelagos, has received a distinctive treatment, evolving from early chronicles to the adoption of modern methodologies. This historiographical journey reflects the islands’ complex identity, shaped by isolation, territorial fragmentation, and ongoing interactions with the outside world[1].
From Conquest Chronicles to Enlightenment Synthesis
The first phase of Canarian historiography began with the arrival of Europeans and the creation of chronicles and travel accounts. These sources, while rich in detail, often reflect the perspective of the conquerors, who adapted local institutions and economies to their own frameworks. Notable works include the chronicle attributed to Bocaccio, Cadamosto’s descriptions, and especially José de Viera y Clavijo’s “History of the Canary Islands,” considered a classic synthesis and an indispensable foundation for studying the islands’ past[1].
Romanticism, Positivism, and Secularism
In the 19th century, Canarian historiography entered a romantic phase, focused on collecting documents and archaeological finds, often with a collector’s rather than an analytical spirit. Later, a positivist and secular approach emerged, led by figures like Agustín Millares Torres and Gregorio Chil y Naranjo, who emphasized scientific rigor and the importance of original sources. Chil y Naranjo also pioneered anthropological and ethnographic studies, laying the groundwork for future research[1].
Methodological Leap: Microhistory and Comparison
In the 20th century, Canarian historiography took a qualitative leap, thanks to institutions like the University of La Laguna and historians such as Elías Serra Rafols and Antonio de Bethencourt Massieu. Comparative analysis with other archipelagos was encouraged, and new methodologies like microhistory were adopted. Microhistory focuses on daily life, beliefs, religious practices, and behaviors within small communities. According to L. González, this approach helps reveal both the unique character and the broader similarities of Canarian society[1].
An Open and Continuously Evolving Approach
Today, Canarian historiography is characterized by openness to new currents and ongoing critical revision. Research is no longer limited to local sources but is enriched by national and international archives, offering a more global and comparative perspective. However, as Bethencourt Massieu notes, there are still gaps to fill and aspects of the islands’ past that require further study[1].
In short, the evolution of Canarian historiography mirrors the search for a unique identity, constantly engaging with external influences and new ways of understanding history.